Saccharomyces Boulardii Lynside® Pro SCB 30 capsules YAMAMOTO

Yamamoto® Research Saccharomyces Boulardii is a probiotic dietary supplement that promotes the balance of intestinal flora*. The product provides 6 billion colony-forming units of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii per daily dose.

Saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic probiotic yeast that directly combats many pathogens and has been used for decades in Europe to treat various types of diarrhea. It is commonly used medically to prevent diarrhea associated with antibiotic therapy or nasogastric feeding, as well as to treat acute diarrhea in adults and children, diarrhea associated with Clostridium difficile, and even chronic diarrhea in HIV-infected patients. Among the "non-bacterial" probiotics, the only one with long-confirmed efficacy is Saccharomyces boulardii ("Sb"), being the only "therapeutic" yeast species whose benefits as a probiotic have been demonstrated in the literature (see the study "Marchand and Vandenplas", 2000). To date, over 40 clinical studies and more than 40 pharmacological studies have been published on this valuable Saccharomyces boulardii (McFarland, 2010), and thanks to this availability of clinical evidence, this therapeutic yeast is recommended by the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) for the treatment of all types of acute diarrhoea in children (Guarino et al, 2014).

Saccharomyces boulardii is a tropical wild yeast discovered in Indochina in 1923 by the French scientist Henri Boulard, who managed to isolate it from the peel of various tropical fruits (lychees and mangosteens) after realizing that indigenous populations used the peel of these tropical fruits as antidiarrheal drugs.
This peculiarity is favored because in humans, Saccharomyces boulardii does not permanently colonize the intestinal system and already 6-7 days after stopping administration, its cells are no longer detectable in the feces.

Precisely because it is "not a bacterium," its pharmacokinetic properties of absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination are quite different from other so-called "bacterial" probiotics, as it passes through the intestine and is neither absorbed nor metabolized. Once administered orally, it resists the gastric environment and bile acids, reaching the intestine alive and vital, unabsorbed. It reaches steady-state concentrations within 3 days, and is eliminated 5 days after stopping its intake.

A very important characteristic, which has made it so widely used in clinical settings, is its resistance to antibiotics. Saccharomyces B. is not inactivated by antibiotics and can therefore be taken simultaneously, while the bacteria are virtually always killed (Graff et al, 2008). For this reason, it is so commonly used in conjunction with antibiotic therapies to prevent diarrhea caused by their use. Another interesting characteristic that differentiates this yeast from its other bacterial "probiotic colleagues" is its surface area, which is approximately 10 times larger than that of bacteria. This leads to specific activities, such as competition for substrates and a sort of "magnet effect" against pathogens (Billoo et al, 2006; McFarland 2010).

The clinical efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii has been evaluated in several types of acute illnesses, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile infections, Helicobacter pylori infection, acute diarrhea in adults and children (where it is widely used), diarrhea associated with enteral nutrition, troublesome traveler's diarrhea, Vibrio cholerae infection, amoebic dysentery, and various other infections. Furthermore, the clinical efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii has been evaluated in several types of chronic inflammatory diseases, including very serious ones, such as Crohn's disease, the more common irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, giardiasis, amoebic colitis, and even HIV-associated diarrhea.

It is a fact, however, that in both children and adults, diarrhea is often a problem with a rather sudden onset and a variable duration of a few days to a few weeks. Its severity then depends on its etiology, which can be food contamination, poisoning, a bacterial infection, or more commonly a viral (such as "seasonal" gastroenteritis) or parasitic infection. In these cases, too, some of the various studies present have been conducted to evaluate the potential of Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of acute diarrhea. The efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii has been confirmed, particularly in cases of acute gastroenteritis in children, with results suggesting that the treatment significantly strengthens the immune response. Studies have also shown that Saccharomyces boulardii, as an adjuvant treatment with rehydration solutions, shortens the duration of diarrhea, accelerating recovery and reducing the risk of prolonged diarrhea. Numerous studies indicate that the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii interacts with many molecular mechanisms associated with intestinal inflammation, promoting a reduction in the inflammatory state typical of colitis, including histological damage, diarrhea, and intestinal mucosal damage. It decreases the levels of various proinflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS, promoting the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, Saccharomyces boulardii also reduces intestinal colonization by Candida albicans.

The efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii increases when administered within the first 48 hours of the onset of the disease, for a duration of use varying from 7 days to 6 months taken as monotherapy or as an additional adjuvant therapy obviously depending on the pathology (McFarland 2010).